
The standard neutral model of molecular evolution has traditionally been used as the null model for
population genomics. We gathered a collection of 45 genome-wide site frequency spectra from a diverse set
of species, most of which display an excess of low and high frequency variants compared to the expectation
of the standard neutral model, resulting in U-shaped spectra. We show that multiple merger coalescent
models often provide a better fit to these observations than the standard Kingman coalescent. Hence, in
many circumstances these under-utilized models may serve as the more appropriate reference for genomic
analyses. We further discuss the underlying evolutionary processes that may result in the widespread
U-shape of frequency spectra.